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5-Amino-1MQ — clinical & mechanistic profile
5-Amino-1MQ is a selective, membrane-permeable small-molecule NNMT inhibitor (EC50 ~2.3 µM in adipocytes) that blocks nicotinamide methylation to 1-MNA, preserving nicotinamide for NAD+ salvage, elevating NAD+ 1.2-1.6 fold, and activating Sirt1 for metabolic benefits including ~35% adipose reduction without appetite effects.
Research status
preclinical
Molecular weight
173.21 g/mol
Molecular formula
C10H11N2O
Studied applications
- •NNMT inhibition: selective competitive inhibition (EC50 ~2.3 µM) preserves nicotinamide for NAD+ synthesis
- •NAD+ elevation: increases cellular NAD+ 1.2-1.6 fold by shunting nicotinamide into salvage pathway
- •Anti-obesity effects: ~35% EWAT reduction, ~5.1% body weight loss in DIO mice without food intake changes
- •SAM preservation: prevents SAM depletion, maintaining methylation capacity for other cellular reactions
- •Metabolic reversal: reverses diet-induced insulin resistance via Sirt1-mediated glucose/fat metabolism
- •Muscle benefits: improved exercise capacity and reduced recovery time in aged mice via mitochondrial NAD+
Mechanisms of action
- •Competitive NNMT inhibition: binds catalytic pocket, blocks nicotinamide → 1-MNA conversion (EC50 ~2.3 µM)
- •NAD+ salvage preservation: nicotinamide enters NAMPT → NMN → NAD+ pathway instead of methylation
- •SAM conservation: prevents SAM consumption by NNMT, supporting other methylation-dependent reactions
- •Sirt1 activation cascade: elevated NAD+ activates sirtuins for metabolic regulation, mitochondrial biogenesis
- •Lipogenesis suppression: reduces fat synthesis markers in adipocytes, shrinks adipocyte size
- •Insulin sensitivity improvement: Sirt1-mediated enhancement of glucose homeostasis and fat oxidation
- •Small molecule compound—NOT a peptide despite common categorization
- •Exclusively preclinical—no human clinical trials conducted
- •Mechanism validated only in cell culture and mouse models
- •Long-term effects of chronic NNMT inhibition unknown
- •Quality and purity of research compounds varies
Peer-reviewed references
- Neelakantan H, et al. — NNMT inhibitor structure and adipocyte effects (2018)PMID: 29373119View
- 5-Amino-1MQ anti-obesity effects in DIO mice (2021)PMID: 34373117View
- NNMT inhibition and metabolic regulation reviewPMID: 29295905View
- PMC12054684 — 5-Amino-1MQ NAD+ elevation and metabolic mechanisms
- PMC11226645 — NNMT inhibitors in metabolic disease research
For research use only. This summary is a research-scientific overview compiled from peer-reviewed sources. It is not medical advice and is not intended for human or veterinary consumption.
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