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Research summary

5-Amino-1MQ — clinical & mechanistic profile

5-Amino-1MQ is a selective, membrane-permeable small-molecule NNMT inhibitor (EC50 ~2.3 µM in adipocytes) that blocks nicotinamide methylation to 1-MNA, preserving nicotinamide for NAD+ salvage, elevating NAD+ 1.2-1.6 fold, and activating Sirt1 for metabolic benefits including ~35% adipose reduction without appetite effects.

Research status

preclinical

Molecular weight

173.21 g/mol

Molecular formula

C10H11N2O

Studied applications

  • NNMT inhibition: selective competitive inhibition (EC50 ~2.3 µM) preserves nicotinamide for NAD+ synthesis
  • NAD+ elevation: increases cellular NAD+ 1.2-1.6 fold by shunting nicotinamide into salvage pathway
  • Anti-obesity effects: ~35% EWAT reduction, ~5.1% body weight loss in DIO mice without food intake changes
  • SAM preservation: prevents SAM depletion, maintaining methylation capacity for other cellular reactions
  • Metabolic reversal: reverses diet-induced insulin resistance via Sirt1-mediated glucose/fat metabolism
  • Muscle benefits: improved exercise capacity and reduced recovery time in aged mice via mitochondrial NAD+

Mechanisms of action

  • Competitive NNMT inhibition: binds catalytic pocket, blocks nicotinamide → 1-MNA conversion (EC50 ~2.3 µM)
  • NAD+ salvage preservation: nicotinamide enters NAMPT → NMN → NAD+ pathway instead of methylation
  • SAM conservation: prevents SAM consumption by NNMT, supporting other methylation-dependent reactions
  • Sirt1 activation cascade: elevated NAD+ activates sirtuins for metabolic regulation, mitochondrial biogenesis
  • Lipogenesis suppression: reduces fat synthesis markers in adipocytes, shrinks adipocyte size
  • Insulin sensitivity improvement: Sirt1-mediated enhancement of glucose homeostasis and fat oxidation
Research constraints & safety notes
  • Small molecule compound—NOT a peptide despite common categorization
  • Exclusively preclinical—no human clinical trials conducted
  • Mechanism validated only in cell culture and mouse models
  • Long-term effects of chronic NNMT inhibition unknown
  • Quality and purity of research compounds varies

Peer-reviewed references

  1. Neelakantan H, et al. — NNMT inhibitor structure and adipocyte effects (2018)PMID: 29373119View
  2. 5-Amino-1MQ anti-obesity effects in DIO mice (2021)PMID: 34373117View
  3. NNMT inhibition and metabolic regulation reviewPMID: 29295905View
  4. PMC12054684 — 5-Amino-1MQ NAD+ elevation and metabolic mechanisms
  5. PMC11226645 — NNMT inhibitors in metabolic disease research

For research use only. This summary is a research-scientific overview compiled from peer-reviewed sources. It is not medical advice and is not intended for human or veterinary consumption.

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