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Research summary

GLP3-R — clinical & mechanistic profile

GLP3-R (Retatrutide/LY3437943) is a first-in-class triple agonist targeting GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors simultaneously. Phase 3 TRIUMPH-4 trial (2026) showed 28.7% weight loss at 12mg/68 weeks — the highest ever reported. Additional Phase 3 data shows A1C reductions of 1.7-2.0%, up to 100% liver fat reduction in MASLD, and 14 mmHg systolic BP reduction. FDA approval projected for 2027.

Research status

clinical investigational

Molecular weight

4624.2 g/mol

Studied applications

  • Triple receptor agonism: first compound to activate GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors in a single molecule
  • Phase 2 results: achieved 24.2% mean weight loss at highest dose (12 mg) over 48 weeks—highest reported for any anti-obesity medication
  • Phase 3 trials: multiple ongoing studies including TRIUMPH program for obesity, T2D, CKD, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular outcomes
  • Glucagon component: adds energy expenditure and hepatic fat reduction beyond dual agonists
  • No plateau observed: weight loss continued throughout 48-week Phase 2 study without leveling off

Mechanisms of action

  • GLP-1 receptor agonism: glucose-dependent insulin secretion, appetite suppression, delayed gastric emptying
  • GIP receptor agonism: enhanced insulin sensitivity, potentiation of GLP-1 effects, improved lipid handling
  • Glucagon receptor agonism: modulated metabolic research endpoints expenditure, enhanced hepatic fat oxidation, thermogenesis
  • Synergistic metabolic effects: the three pathways produce additive/synergistic weight loss beyond dual agonists
  • Potential NASH/MASH benefit: glucagon component may specifically target hepatic steatosis
Research constraints & safety notes
  • Investigational compound—NOT yet FDA approved for any indication
  • Phase 3 trials ongoing through 2025-2026 with results pending
  • Glucagon component requires careful glycemic management in T2D patients
  • Long-term safety data still being collected
  • Not available as approved medication; only in clinical trials or as research compound

Peer-reviewed references

  1. Jastreboff AM, et al. — Phase 2 obesity trial (NEJM 2023)PMID: 37351564View
  2. GLP3-R Phase 2 diabetes trial resultsPMID: 38587237View
  3. Triple agonist mechanism reviewPMID: 37840095View
  4. PMC12026077 — GLP3-R GLP-1/GIP/glucagon mechanism comprehensive review
  5. ADA 2024 — New glp3-r Phase 3 TRIUMPH program data presentations

For research use only. This summary is a research-scientific overview compiled from peer-reviewed sources. It is not medical advice and is not intended for human or veterinary consumption.

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